The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

CPAC Hungary, the Budapest edition of the Conservative Political Action Conference, gathered American and European conservative activists, politicians, and commentators to discuss what organizers called the decline of Western civilization. Sessions focused on immigration, resistance to progressive social policies, and critiques of liberal democracy. Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán was a prominent speaker, and some remarks echoed the “great replacement” language while emphasizing national sovereignty and cultural preservation.

Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb says researchers recovered small metallic spheres from the Pacific Ocean in June and that the material came from outside our solar system. Loeb connects the spheres to an object that reportedly struck Earth in 2014 and argues their composition and structure are unusual enough to suggest an extraterrestrial, possibly technological, origin. The claim is presented as a potential example of interstellar material reaching Earth.

Schoenbrunn Zoo in Vienna, widely regarded as the world’s oldest zoological garden, has announced the birth of three endangered megabats. The newborns—large flying foxes—were filmed clinging to and cuddling with their mother and beginning to explore a newly opened rainforest-style enclosure. Zoo staff released video of the youngsters playing and climbing while keepers monitor their health and development as part of routine postnatal care.

Scientists presented results from the OPERA study showing artificial intelligence can analyze heart ultrasound scans in about one minute, compared with roughly 30 minutes for trained human experts. The project, led by the University of Glasgow in partnership with AstraZeneca and NHS trusts including Greater Glasgow & Clyde and the Golden Jubilee, demonstrated the AI’s ability to interpret echocardiograms quickly and consistently during a presentation at the European Society of Cardiology conference in Amsterdam.