The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

Two new studies presented at the European Society of Cardiology’s annual meeting found links between consuming ultra-processed foods and higher risks of heart disease, including heart attacks and strokes. Ultra-processed foods are widely available consumer items such as fizzy drinks, many breakfast cereals, packaged snacks and ready-made meals. One analysis reported that a 10 percent increase in daily ultra-processed food intake was associated with about a 6 percent rise in risk of cardiovascular disease.

A YouGov–Cambridge Globalism Project survey asked people in many Western countries whether more should be done to improve women’s rights at home. In several nations a clear majority or near-majority said yes. Italians topped the list at 62%, followed by Spaniards at 60%, Hungarians at 57% and Swedes at 56%. Other countries where roughly half of respondents expressed concern included Poland, France, Canada, Australia and Greece.

An Australian thinktank, the Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, has warned federal politicians that climate change could cause widespread disruption across the Asia‑Pacific by mid‑century. Its briefing sketches scenarios including failed states, large movements of people fleeing uninhabitable areas, and growing competition for scarce resources such as fresh water. The group says these shifts could trigger regional instability, economic shocks and damage to critical infrastructure, underlining the scale of the risk.

Researchers led by Itzhak Khait at Tel Aviv University have found that some plants produce audible, high-frequency sounds when they are stressed or damaged. The team tested tomato and tobacco plants and recorded ultrasonic clicks that arise during drought stress or after cutting. Sensitive microphones and acoustic analysis allowed detection of these sounds from as far as five meters, suggesting plants may broadcast information about their physical condition.