The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

In 2009 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator near Geneva run by CERN, was preparing to restart after upgrades. Scientists said the machine would smash protons together at very high energies to study fundamental particles and forces, potentially revealing phenomena such as the Higgs boson or signs of new physics. However, some members of the public expressed fear that the machine could produce catastrophic effects, including miniature black holes or other unknown dangers.

Schoenbrunn Zoo in Vienna, widely regarded as the world’s oldest zoological garden, has announced the birth of three endangered megabats. The newborns—large flying foxes—were filmed clinging to and cuddling with their mother and beginning to explore a newly opened rainforest-style enclosure. Zoo staff released video of the youngsters playing and climbing while keepers monitor their health and development as part of routine postnatal care.

Comedy writers and performers say telling a good joke is harder than it looks: timing and delivery can make or break a punchline. Jokes work by surprising the listener with an unexpected twist, clever wordplay, or absurd imagery that creates a vivid mental picture. Short, sharp jokes often land best because they set up an idea quickly and then flip it — for example, an Edinburgh Fringe-winning pun: "I started dating a zookeeper, but it turned out he was a cheetah."

A recent study in New York, conducted between April 2019 and February 2020, tested whether recorded music could reduce pain in newborns during routine heel-prick blood tests. Researchers enrolled 100 infants and randomly assigned about half to listen to Mozart’s Lullaby before and during the procedure while the other infants received standard care without the music. Clinicians measured pain using standard scoring tools at baseline, during the prick, and after the procedure to compare responses.