The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

Garry Kasparov, the Russian-born former world chess champion, has publicly endorsed Anatoly Fomenko’s “New Chronology,” a radical revision of world history. Fomenko’s thesis argues that much of what we call ancient history is misdated or duplicated and that the actual historical timeline is far shorter than commonly believed. Kasparov says he finds the questions it raises important and plans to spend more time promoting these ideas as he moves away from professional chess.

A YouGov survey carried out in nine countries across Europe, Australia and Singapore measured public views on American cultural influence. The study found that most people recognize U.S. impact in entertainment: 66% to 89% of respondents said American movies, television and music shape their local culture. Roughly half also reported significant American influence in news media, national political norms, everyday language and consumer brands, showing that perceptions extend beyond entertainment.

Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb says researchers recovered small metallic spheres from the Pacific Ocean in June and that the material came from outside our solar system. Loeb connects the spheres to an object that reportedly struck Earth in 2014 and argues their composition and structure are unusual enough to suggest an extraterrestrial, possibly technological, origin. The claim is presented as a potential example of interstellar material reaching Earth.

A recent study in New York, conducted between April 2019 and February 2020, tested whether recorded music could reduce pain in newborns during routine heel-prick blood tests. Researchers enrolled 100 infants and randomly assigned about half to listen to Mozart’s Lullaby before and during the procedure while the other infants received standard care without the music. Clinicians measured pain using standard scoring tools at baseline, during the prick, and after the procedure to compare responses.