The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

Linguists have long thought that social context shapes grammar: communities with many non-native speakers, like trade hubs, were believed to favor simpler, easier-to-learn systems, while isolated, homogenous groups develop dense, specialized grammatical rules. A new study compiled measurements across about 1,300 languages to test whether languages used mainly by “societies of strangers” indeed show reduced grammatical complexity compared with languages used in more stable, insider communities.

A 48-year-old man in the UK was bitten by a stray cat and developed a serious soft tissue infection. Doctors and microbiologists investigated the wound and identified a previously undescribed species of the bacterium Globicatella as the cause. The finding is reported in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, which describes how the organism was isolated and linked to the bite after routine laboratory testing and genetic analyses.

Meta announced it has closed nearly 9,000 Facebook and Instagram accounts linked to a Chinese political influence operation called 'Spamouflage.' The company says the network posted material that praised China while criticizing the United States, Western governments, and outspoken critics of the Chinese government. Meta removed the accounts after an investigation that identified coordinated posting patterns and account connections tied to operators in China, calling the activity inauthentic and aimed at manipulating online discussion.

India’s space agency ISRO plans to launch Aditya-L1, a satellite designed to observe the Sun, on 2 September. The spacecraft will travel to the Sun–Earth Lagrange Point 1, about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, where it can keep the Sun continuously in view. The mission follows India’s successful Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing and represents a major step in the country’s expanding space programme, aimed at improving understanding of solar activity.