The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

In 2009 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a giant particle accelerator near Geneva run by CERN, was preparing to restart after upgrades. Scientists said the machine would smash protons together at very high energies to study fundamental particles and forces, potentially revealing phenomena such as the Higgs boson or signs of new physics. However, some members of the public expressed fear that the machine could produce catastrophic effects, including miniature black holes or other unknown dangers.

Sarah Ogilvie’s The Dictionary People tells the story of the people who built the Oxford English Dictionary by collecting words, quotations, and regional usages. Ogilvie, a linguist, shows that the OED was not made by a single team in isolation but by thousands of volunteers who sent slips of paper and examples from newspapers, books, and everyday speech. The book explains how this wide network of contributors helped record English across time and place.

Scientists and doctors point out that many health problems run in families, and the diseases now affecting older baby boomers can offer a warning about what people might face later in life. Advances in DNA sequencing make it possible to find gene variants that raise the chances of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. Identifying those risks early gives doctors and patients options for monitoring, preventive treatment and tailored medical care.

Elizabeth Diller is a leading architect and founding partner of Diller Scofidio + Renfro, a firm known for projects that blur art, performance, and architecture. Trained at Cooper Union, she moved from visual art into architecture and co-authored the influential book Flesh, which challenged traditional ideas about buildings and spatial experience. Her work—including the High Line, the Blur Building, and The Shed—emphasizes experimentation, collaboration, and attention to how people use public space.