The best way to learn to spot a conspiracy theory is to make one yourself.
Pick a real news story. On the next step you'll choose who's behind it and why. Then walk through the four moves real conspiracists use, with a debunk on every step.
Choose whichever real-feeling headline your imagination will run wildest with. Don't overthink it.

Archaeologists in Poland have uncovered the skeleton of a child from the 17th century in a graveyard near Dąbrowa Chełmińska. The body was interred face down, and a small triangular padlock was placed beneath the foot bones. Researchers interpret the unusual position and the lock as deliberate measures connected to local burial customs intended to prevent the deceased from returning to harm the living.

Researchers report that reef-dwelling hogfish have light-sensitive cells embedded in their skin, allowing the animals to sense brightness and adjust their colour without relying solely on eyes. The study, published in Nature, shows this skin-based photoreception can continue to influence colour change even after death. Hogfish live in Atlantic reefs and can shift hues in milliseconds. Those rapid changes aid camouflage, social signalling and may help with temperature regulation and attracting mates.

The YouGov–Cambridge Globalism Project survey finds growing public willingness to support Taiwan if China used force. That backing is strongest in anglophone countries and visible in some other regions too. Respondents make distinctions between hard military assistance, like weapons and troops, and softer forms of support such as sanctions or humanitarian aid, so public readiness varies depending on the type of help and the perceived risks of intervention.

In 2023 many regions experienced unusually severe heat, droughts, floods and storms. The Guardian surveyed 45 climate scientists worldwide who say these extreme events align with long-standing scientific predictions about global warming. However, the impacts are happening faster and more intensely than many models had forecast, in part because the return of El Niño is amplifying heat and weather extremes this year.